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The
standardization and methodization of scientific and
technological terminologies ,their
theoretical studies are getting important at the moment
when the world development and progress are accessible
to virtually everyone.
This important problem of theoretical and
practical significance in many countries is tackled and
guided by the government policy then it is permanently
translated into life.
In case of Mongolia the government of Mongolia
dealt with this problem up to the recent period
After the people’s revolution in 1921 the
institute of sutras and letters was established and
responsible for the Mongolian terminology. Then the
national commission of terminology under the council of
ministers of Mongolia was set up in 1924. This
institution was responsible for the Mongolian
terminology.
As the result of the permanent
attention of the Government of Mongolia this
commission achieved considerable successes in
terminology ,particularly
for 70-80 years.
The national commission of terminology produced
over 20 dictionaries of almost 290 printed lists on
plant,chemistry,
physics,math,geography,land
research,metrology,medicine,socio-politics,building,railway,auto
transport and mining between 1930-1980.
They are divided into three volumes. Then three
volumes are subdivided into three pieces. They are
printed in 1960-1970’s.
These
are the collective works of the scholars and specialists
of terminology of animal husbandry,zootechnics,
agrotechnics,
veterinary,
structure,trade,goods,
felt hide and skin,leather,fur,food,butter,economy,linguistics
microbiological structure,peaditiatrics
and surgery of over 100 printed lists.
The national commission on the terminology issued
146 serial terminology booklets of 600 printed lists in
1954-1988. The consisted of 120000 terms of various
sciences and included terminologies of the sciences not
only to be studied at the general education schools,but
also at the universities.
In such manner the national commission on
terminology,established
in 1925,has
been issuing dictionaries on the various scientific
disciplines since 1930.The kind of work of the national
commission on terminology became the foundation of the
modern Mongolian terminological studies. This work
expanded to full extent between 1950-1990 and
standardized the various terms in all economical life of
our country.
The University of Mongolia was established in
1941. The Academy of the sciences in Mongolia was set up
in 1961. These historical events impelled to standardize
many terminologies within a short of span time.
During this period our scholars in linguistics in
cooperation with specialists in various scientific
fields paid their attentions more to standardize the diserse
scientific terms. At the beginning of the activities the
mentioned periodically the importance of standard terms
in their researches of semantics.
Our scholars in linguistics wrote something on
the theoretical and methodological problems of Mongolian
terminology in their scientific articles.
Academician Sh. Luvsanwandan,Doctors
E.wandui,B.Sodnom,Jtumoutseren
and A.Luvsandendev put fouward the puinciplis of
standard scientific and technical terms. Academicians
B.Tinchin and Ts.Damdinsuren,Doctors
Sh.Gaadamba,L.Mishig,
Ch.Dogsuren,J.Nadmid,Ts.Unurbayan,Sh.Baraishir
set forth the principles to methodize standard
terminologies.
Academicians B.Rinchin,Ts.Damidinsuren,Doctors
Choi.Luvsanjav,R.Gurbazar,D.Dashdavaa
and L.Khurelbaatar elaborated approaches how to
translate and apply foreign terminlologies into nature
tongue.
Academician B.Rinchin,Doctor
Choi.Luvsanjav and B.Sodnom Explained the importance to
translate international terminologies into Mongolian in
their research works.
Fox example: Mongolian well-known,scholar
and academician b.Rinchin set forth two principles in
his research articles “Preference of word semantics by
respecting native tongue,the
reason of writing site and preference of coherence” to
translate foreign terms.
First,full
awareness of scientific concept,its
nature and content ,and
exact equivalents for it. For instance:эпиграф
is Greek . Motto is Latin.Предисловие
is equal to оршил
. Введение
is equal to удиртгал
,мемуары
is equal to
дуртгал
and so on .
Second ,if
the foreign words are combined ones,they
can be the same numbers of the collocations. For example
:техническая
наука
is техникийн
ухаан
,
институт
яэыка
и
литература
is хэл
,эохиолын
хурээлэн
.
Since 1970 the articles of terminology expanded
and arrived to write books of terminology. For instance:
T.A.Bertabaev wrote a book word combination and modern
terminology (1971.Moscow),D.Dashdavaa
and E.Ravdan wrote a book on terminology
(1980.Ulaanbaatar),G.Ts.Purbeev
wrote a book modern Mongolian terminology(1984.Moscow),Ch.Dogsuren
wrote a book on some problems to standardize,methodize
and arrange modern Mongolian
terminology(1988.Ulaanbaatar),T.A.Bertagaev
presented hie views on the manner of word combination,its
role to form terminology,compound
or combined nouns,relationships
between words,specific
features of developments of relative languages in
different conditions (Buriad and Khalkha dialects) and
emphasized terminological features here.
He said that binoms play the most important role
in the formation of Mongolian terminology of combined
words. Expect of this ,word
combination collocated through the method of independent
and holophrastic occurrences are predomination in
formation of terminology. They are 60 percent of the new
terminology 30 percent of total vocabulary of Mongolia.
This is his conclusion.
D.Dashdavaa and E.Ravdan considered the nature of
the terminology,its
structure,principle
of the formation of terminology ,translation
language norm and its relation to the stylistics in
their book,In
Russian language there are 79 percent of noun
combination ,11
percent of adjective combination ,0.7
percent of verbal noun combination.
In Mongolian terminology there is 70 percent of
noun combination. Among then there is 20 percent of
verbal noun combination. The remained 30 percent are
verbal combination.
G.Ts.Purbeev devoted his efforts to define the
modern Mongolian terminological vocabulary,process
of the semantics and basis principles of the formation
of terminology.
Ch.Dogwuren detailed about the definition of
terminology,principles
to elaborate Mongolian terminology,to
methodize and arrange terminological words. There is
another new stage of terminology. In1980 one
dissertation was written. It was beginning of
independent research in terminology.
In 1986 Sh.Narantestseg wrote dissertation of the
stages of the formation and development of
socio-political terms in modern Mongolia and first got (Ph.D)
doctor in linguistics in Ulan-Ude (Russia).
B.Baldan-Osor defended the dissertation of
comparative studies of the Mongolian traditional medical
terms in 1998 and Z.Endbish defended the dissertation of
the Mongolian animal husbandry terms in1999.they became
doctors in their respective fields.
In 2000 K.Adiya became doctor in linguistic
science by defending the dissertation on the comparative
studies of Russian and Mongolian terminological
structure and semantics (It bused on the materials
70-80s of the twenty centuries). Since 1990 Mongolian
terminology study exceeded over one language boundary
and came to the level to do comparative and contrastive
language studies. Even though Mongolia is at this
crucial period of her transition started in 1990.The
institute of language and Literature,of
Academy of Sciences,
if language section,particularly
the collective of terminology permanently conduct the
Mongolian theoretical and methodological studies of
terminology and scholars of universities and specialists
working in various fields of our country in this
activity.
On this purpose we have issued the collection of
scientific research articles on terminologies,since
1998. The first issue included 13 articles of scholars.
The second issue comprised 12 articles. This is
important contribution to improve the qualification of
the Mongolian theoretical and methodological researches
of terminologies. This institute cooperation with
published held scientific conference on pressing
problems of language and culture. We involved certain
number of press 2 specialists if. Starting from 1990
there are many English words such as. Audit,auction,ambition
,allergy
business,businessmen,broker,
boss,voucher,clearing
,credit,league,marketing,management,liberalism,Lombard,service,make,tender,fan,
fraction,
hobby,and
show being employed in our press and colloquialism,
They are over 250. Then we explained the meaning of
those words in press. They are 50 articles. In my view
this helped the ordinary people to understand the
foreign words. The process elaborating terminology is
not the job do within a spell. This is the permanent
work. New terminologies can crop up. We need to
standardize them.
At present Mongolian has new kind of political
structure. Then she has faced with the political study,marketing,management
and computers and so on. Then we have to standardize
terms concerned those matters which enumerated. Our
traditional economy,education,physiology
are affected to the globalization. There is new content
and perception. So we need to have a new approaches. In
order to constantly work out Mongolian terminology. The
institute of language and literature initiated to hold
the regular meeting of the national commission on
terminology was set up in over 70 years ago when our
country had planned economy under one party rule. If was
ok in that period. But now the whole system of Mongolian
policy and political structure under went total changes.
Our economy was transformed into marked one. This
national commission of terminology of Mongolia does not
cope with the rapid pace of new condition.
Today there is no strict instruction from
government or there is enforcement of government. Now we
need to have an organization,which
suitable for market economy condition and cam deal with
and solve the national terminological problems at the
national level on permanent basis. So it is pressing us
to have an ace on native tongue which can tackle not
only terminology,but
also language problems.
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