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Some methodological problems of Mongolian terminology
 

          

The standardization and methodization of scientific and technological terminologies their theoretical studies are getting important at the moment when the world development and progress are accessible to virtually everyone. 

  This important problem of theoretical and practical significance in many countries is tackled and guided by the government policy then it is permanently translated into life.

  In case of Mongolia the government of Mongolia dealt with this problem up to the recent period

  After the people’s revolution in 1921 the institute of sutras and letters was established and responsible for the Mongolian terminology. Then the national commission of terminology under the council of ministers of Mongolia was set up in 1924. This institution was responsible for the Mongolian terminology.

  As the result of the permanent  attention of the Government of Mongolia this commission achieved considerable successes in terminology particularly for 70-80 years.

  The national commission of terminology produced over 20 dictionaries of almost 290 printed lists on plantchemistry physicsmathgeographyland researchmetrologymedicinesocio-politicsbuildingrailwayauto transport and mining between 1930-1980.

  They are divided into three volumes. Then three volumes are subdivided into three pieces. They are printed in 1960-1970’s.

 These are the collective works of the scholars and specialists of terminology of animal husbandryzootechnics agrotechnics veterinary structuretradegoods felt hide and skinleatherfurfoodbuttereconomylinguistics microbiological structurepeaditiatrics and surgery of over 100 printed lists.

  The national commission on the terminology issued 146 serial terminology booklets of 600 printed lists in 1954-1988. The consisted of 120000 terms of various sciences and included terminologies of the sciences not only to be studied at the general education schoolsbut also at the universities.

  In such manner the national commission on terminologyestablished in 1925has been issuing dictionaries on the various scientific disciplines since 1930.The kind of work of the national commission on terminology became the foundation of the modern Mongolian terminological studies. This work expanded to full extent between 1950-1990 and standardized the various terms in all economical life of our country.

  The University of Mongolia was established in 1941. The Academy of the sciences in Mongolia was set up in 1961. These historical events impelled to standardize many terminologies within a short of span time.

  During this period our scholars in linguistics in cooperation with specialists in various scientific fields paid their attentions more to standardize the diserse scientific terms. At the beginning of the activities the mentioned periodically the importance of standard terms in their researches of semantics.

  Our scholars in linguistics wrote something on the theoretical and methodological problems of Mongolian terminology in their scientific articles.

  Academician Sh. LuvsanwandanDoctors E.wanduiB.SodnomJtumoutseren and A.Luvsandendev put fouward the puinciplis of standard scientific and technical terms. Academicians B.Tinchin and Ts.DamdinsurenDoctors Sh.GaadambaL.Mishig Ch.DogsurenJ.NadmidTs.UnurbayanSh.Baraishir set forth the principles to methodize standard terminologies.

   Academicians B.RinchinTs.DamidinsurenDoctors Choi.LuvsanjavR.GurbazarD.Dashdavaa and L.Khurelbaatar elaborated approaches how to translate and apply foreign terminlologies into nature tongue.

  Academician B.RinchinDoctor Choi.Luvsanjav and B.Sodnom Explained the importance to translate international terminologies into Mongolian in their research works.

  Fox example: Mongolian well-knownscholar and academician b.Rinchin set forth two principles in his research articles “Preference of word semantics by respecting native tonguethe reason of writing site and preference of coherence” to translate foreign terms.

  Firstfull awareness of scientific conceptits nature and content and exact equivalents for it. For instance:эпиграф is Greek . Motto is Latin.Предисловие is equal to оршил . Введение is equal to удиртгал мемуары is equal to   дуртгал  and so on .

  Second if the foreign words are combined onesthey can be the same numbers of the collocations. For example :техническая      наука is техникийн  ухаан институт   яэыка и литература is хэл эохиолын хурээлэн  .

  Since 1970 the articles of terminology expanded and arrived to write books of terminology. For instance: T.A.Bertabaev wrote a book word combination and modern terminology (1971.Moscow)D.Dashdavaa and E.Ravdan wrote a book on terminology (1980.Ulaanbaatar)G.Ts.Purbeev wrote a book modern Mongolian terminology(1984.Moscow)Ch.Dogsuren wrote a book on some problems to standardizemethodize and arrange modern Mongolian terminology(1988.Ulaanbaatar)T.A.Bertagaev presented hie views on the manner of word combinationits role to form terminologycompound or combined nounsrelationships between wordsspecific features of developments of relative languages in different conditions (Buriad and Khalkha dialects) and emphasized terminological features here.

  He said that binoms play the most important role in the formation of Mongolian terminology of combined words. Expect of this word combination collocated through the method of independent and holophrastic occurrences are predomination in formation of terminology. They are 60 percent of the new terminology 30 percent of total vocabulary of Mongolia. This is his conclusion.

  D.Dashdavaa and E.Ravdan considered the nature of the terminologyits structureprinciple of the formation of terminology translation language norm and its relation to the stylistics in their bookIn Russian language there are 79 percent of noun combination 11 percent of adjective combination 0.7 percent of verbal noun combination.

  In Mongolian terminology there is 70 percent of noun combination. Among then there is 20 percent of verbal noun combination. The remained 30 percent are verbal combination.

  G.Ts.Purbeev devoted his efforts to define the modern Mongolian terminological vocabularyprocess of the semantics and basis principles of the formation of terminology.

  Ch.Dogwuren detailed about the definition of terminologyprinciples to elaborate Mongolian terminologyto methodize and arrange terminological words. There is another new stage of terminology. In1980 one dissertation was written. It was beginning of independent research in terminology.

  In 1986 Sh.Narantestseg wrote dissertation of the stages of the formation and development of socio-political terms in modern Mongolia and first got (Ph.D) doctor in linguistics in Ulan-Ude (Russia).

  B.Baldan-Osor defended the dissertation of comparative studies of the Mongolian traditional medical terms in 1998 and Z.Endbish defended the dissertation of the Mongolian animal husbandry terms in1999.they became doctors in their respective fields.

  In 2000 K.Adiya became doctor in linguistic science by defending the dissertation on the comparative studies of Russian and Mongolian terminological structure and semantics (It bused on the materials 70-80s of the twenty centuries). Since 1990 Mongolian terminology study exceeded over one language boundary and came to the level to do comparative and contrastive language studies. Even though Mongolia is at this crucial period of her transition started in 1990.The institute of language and Literatureof Academy of Sciences if language sectionparticularly the collective of terminology permanently conduct the Mongolian theoretical and methodological studies of terminology and scholars of universities and specialists working in various fields of our country in this activity.

  On this purpose we have issued the collection of scientific research articles on terminologiessince 1998. The first issue included 13 articles of scholars.  The second issue comprised 12 articles. This is important contribution to improve the qualification of the Mongolian theoretical and methodological researches of terminologies. This institute cooperation with published held scientific conference on pressing problems of language and culture. We involved certain number of press 2 specialists if. Starting from 1990 there are many English words such as. Auditauctionambition allergy businessbusinessmenbroker bossvoucherclearing creditleaguemarketingmanagementliberalismLombardservicemaketenderfan fraction hobbyand show being employed in our press and colloquialism They are over 250. Then we explained the meaning of those words in press. They are 50 articles. In my view this helped the ordinary people to understand the foreign words. The process elaborating terminology is not the job do within a spell. This is the permanent work. New terminologies can crop up. We need to standardize them.

  At present Mongolian has new kind of political structure. Then she has faced with the political studymarketingmanagement and computers and so on. Then we have to standardize terms concerned those matters which enumerated. Our traditional economyeducationphysiology are affected to the globalization. There is new content and perception. So we need to have a new approaches. In order to constantly work out Mongolian terminology. The institute of language and literature initiated to hold the regular meeting of the national commission on terminology was set up in over 70 years ago when our country had planned economy under one party rule. If was ok in that period. But now the whole system of Mongolian policy and political structure under went total changes. Our economy was transformed into marked one. This national commission of terminology of Mongolia does not cope with the rapid pace of new condition.

   Today there is no strict instruction from government or there is enforcement of government. Now we need to have an organizationwhich suitable for market economy condition and cam deal with and solve the national terminological problems at the national level on permanent basis. So it is pressing us to have an ace on native tongue which can tackle not only terminologybut also language problems.

 

 
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